Representations of China in the Movie the Forbidden Kingdom Essay

The Forbidden Kingdom (Rob Minkoff, 2008)[1] is an American hand to hand fighting experience film co-featured by Jackie Chan and Jet Li. The film recounts to the account of a Boston kid Jason, who is a major kung fu fan, is given the strategic, a voyager, of restoring the staff to the Monkey King to liberate him from the sculpture in which he has been caught by the Jade Warlord. With the assistance of Jackie Chan and Jet Li, Jason not just satisfies his strategic the end by overcoming the Jade Warlord, yet in addition aces kung fu and creates to a valiant and capable man. The film was fruitful and famous, drawing in enormous audience[2], because of the explanation, to the extent I see it, that it meets the Western audience’s desire for China. The film is brimming with generalizations of China and Chinese, mirroring the orientalism’s perspectives from the West, particularly from America (both composed and coordinated by Americans) for this situation. Orientalism, as concentrated in Edward Said’s book Orientalism (1978), is a scholarly term used to â€Å"describe an inescapable Western custom, both scholastic and imaginative, of biased pariah understandings of the East, formed by the perspectives of European dominion in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries†[3], later embraced by America after the WWâ… ¡.In such a man-made hypothesis, East is portrayed as a less-cultivated, extraordinary, fierce and second rate substance toward the West, and â€Å"†¦the West isn't just deï ¬ ned as the polar inverse of the East, yet in addition as its defender and its carer† (Khatib, 2006: 64). What’s more, toward the West that the â€Å"†¦Orient is something to be dreaded or controlled†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Khatib, 2006: 65). Every one of these thoughts of Orientalism can be detected or found in the film The Forbidden Kingdom, which makes this film an advocator of American Orientalism towards China. The film starts with a diminish, disrupted pawn shop possessed by an unsteady, frail and old Chinese man Hop, who sticks firmly to his cash and sells kung fu DVDs to Jason, the kid who is dealt with and tormented like an outsider by his friends on account of his energy towards kung fu. Jump is later assaulted by the domineering jerks who powers Jason to lead them to take cash from him. This opening of the story sets the principle disposition about China by demonstrating the run of the mill generalization that white individuals hold towards Chinese: an entirely unexpected Other, whose living style (the chaotic shop) and customs (kung fu) are a long ways past the understandings of the West, likewise with the qualities of being debilitated powerless and simple to assault or exploit, regularly become the objective of savagery. At the point when Jason is sent to the old China to satisfy his crucial, he encounters additionally applies to the hypothesis of Orientalism: outlandish Chinese water-mountain views, remarkable and astonishing kung fu abilities, fierce slaughtering by the military, horrible ladies (White-haired Witch), evil Jade Warlord with obscured eye shadow, compliant ladies (mistresses of Jade Warlord) and so on. These pictures give crowd a feeling that China is an outlandish yet less acculturated region, holding on to have her fate changed by this American kid. Thus, the predominant control over the East (China) of America is along these lines conveyed by the screenwriter, for example the disarray brought by the Jade Warlord will be stopped by the Traveler Jason, as opposed to somebody from China herself, for instance, the preeminent intensity of the Heaven, the Emperor. Such plot shows the disposition that the East (China) can't be free; she needs the West (America) to rule and have authority over her. The dread of the East from the West can likewise be effectively identified in this film. The Heaven is briefly given by the Emperor to the Jade Warlord to oversee, which implies the entire china is heavily influenced by him. Be that as it may, his capacity develops so quick and amazing that, concurring the American screenwriter, somebody from the West needs to smother this shrewd ascent, and this time, Jason once more, a definitive emissary in this film to complete the American’s will in Orientalism. Being far away from China, western individuals get pictures of China basically based on what is accessible in the media. Notwithstanding, what is introduced is just little or in any event, deluding data about China. In spite of the fact that Orientalism is seen as â€Å"false presumptions fundamental Western perspectives toward the (Middle) East†[4], it is as yet applied in media and demonstrated by Western governments these days so as to remain the control over the East in circles of legislative issues, economy and culture. We should hold a caution and basic disposition towards such data, attempting to go past what is introduced, in order to become more acquainted with the genuine picture of the East.

A Midsummer Nights Dream - Hermia And Helenas Relationship Essay

Hermia and Helena's relationship has changed significantly after the intercession of Puck with the adoration elixir. When closest companions, they have become every others foes, and just for the love of Lysander and Demetrius. Hermia and Helena were closest companions when they were at school. "All school-days' fellowship, youth innocence?" (Act 3, Scene 2, Line 201, Helena) They had total trust in one another, disclosing to one another their most profound insider facts. "Is all the advice that we two have shared, The sisters' promises, the hours that we have spent," (Act 3, Scene 2, Lines 198 - 199, Helena) They cooperated on all that they did including sewing and singing. "Both on one sampler, sitting on one pad, Both chattering of one melody, both in one key," (Act 3, Scene 2, Lines 205 - 206) To certain individuals, Helena and Hermia turned into a similar individual, saying very similar things, thinking similar considerations and having similar ethics and standards. "As if our hands, our sides, voices, and psyches Had been consolidate. So we developed together," (Act 3, Scene 2, Lines 207-208) Carrying on similarly, they invested however much energy as could be expected together. This time passed rapidly, while the time spent separated was moderate and appeared to be trivial. "When we have chid the rushed footed time For separating us-O, is all forgot?" (Act 3, Scene 2, Lines 200 - 201, Helena) In spite of the fact that Helena and Hermia were two separate individuals, they were, "a association in partition", contrasted with a ...

Intercultural memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intercultural notice - Essay Example It is profoundly plausible that we will see individuals from the other appointment use non verbal motions for correspondence. On the off chance that you notice such a circumstance, kindly don't be insulted as it is ordinary social practice in that piece of the world. Arranging Styles A conspicuous concern will be the arranging style of the other designation. Being a connected culture, arrangements will be delayed to continue in light of the fact that broad interview is a piece of the way of life. In addition, as the other assignment will be staffed to a great extent by relatives so persuading every single part will be imperative. During interview in the Punjabi culture, particularly in the families, the issue of social repercussions is prominent. For instance, if an individual from the other appointment feels that the arrangement with our organization is impeding, he may carry on like a solitary issue voter and utilize social strain to persuade different individuals not to manage our organization. In this manner, make an effort not to be hostile during arrangements as the Punjabis depend on impressions a ton. Something else to remember is that Punjabi is known as an impolite language. Individuals utilize high tones and volumes during correspondence which basically causes the language to appear to be unruly.

The Benefits of College Essay Samples for Health Care

The Benefits of College Essay Samples for Health Care Under such situation if you're not having a great healthcare centre in your area then it's really merciful. The access to healthcare facilities is dependent on the distribution of resources among the medical care facilities. In this kind of situation, the necessity to create exclusive program to earn healthcare services available to all people is obvious and such programs are implemented in the United States. The modern medical care system raises lots of serious challenges in face of the modern society, among which the access to healthcare services is among the most significant challenges. While the governments of both countries are closely involved with the healthcare plans, the important distinction is regarding healthcare insurance pans. Consequently, a large number of Americans receive minimum healthcare in any way. Fantastic health is the actual wealth means money that has capability to help us always. In relation to the quality of the medical system, Canadians are reported to be healthier in comparison to the US citizens. The Upside to College Essay Samples for Health Care There's need for additional therapy beds to avoid homelessness, that is the greatest source of drug abuse. The loss of excellent health causes loss of all of the happiness. So, it's a good idea to keep the excellent health to get rid of all of the complications of body in addition to successfully face all the challenges of life. An excellent health lowers the stress level and promotes healthy life with no sufferings. The Nuiances of College Essay Samples for Health Care Consequently, high administrative cost in healthcare system has increased the price of getting services from the computer system. As a consequence, it will become difficult to deal with the healthcare system financial expenditure. The standard mental health providers ignore the recovery principles. The Canadian healthcare system also supplies a public coverage in the private medical care delivery. More technology reforms are also vital to help it become possible that folks get enough treatment on time with no delay. The mental medical care providers must be polite with the patient so they can share concerns with the skilled and get above their problems quickly. Dementia, as opined by the wellness experts is among the primary causes of dependency and disability of the older people throughout the world. Moreover, globalization in healthcare influences the delivery of services like disaster relief management and data technology. As the subject of fact, it's not only the matter of right or wrong. however, it is the matter of the upkeep of the fundamental principles of the American society. Everybody is doing a great deal of struggle on daily basis to accomplish an ideal body. The meaning of the majority of common saying health is wealth is quite easy and easy. It's necessary they provide some vivid real-life examples should they want to convince their audience of their per spective. Approaches to healthcare in america, UK, and Australia differ, which means you may concentrate on discussing their advantages and disadvantages in the essays about healthcare. If you believe you'll hardly succeed making your own topic, consider trying to find good ideas on the internet, at resources offering useful guidelines on effective essay writing strategies. The practice of growing nursing essays crafted is straightforward and easy. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. The Unusual Secret of College Essay Samples for Health Care Health is a rather important aspect in the life span of everyone. Very good health promotes a very good mental, physical and social well-being. Health and fitness is the blend of healthful living with healthy way of life. Psychological health is extremely necessary with the physical health of someone as a way to be healthy and fit.

Symbiogenesis - An Evolution Definition

Symbiogenesis  is a term in evolution that relates to the cooperation between species in order to increase their survival. The crux of the theory of natural selection, as laid out by the â€Å"Father of Evolution† Charles Darwin, is competition. Mostly, he focused on competition between individuals of a population within the same species for survival. Those with the most favorable adaptations could compete better for things like food, shelter, and mates with which to reproduce and make the next generation of offspring that would carry those traits in their DNA. Darwinism relies on competition for these sorts of resources in order for natural selection to work. Without competition, all individuals would be able to survive and the favorable adaptations will never be selected for by pressures within the environment. This sort of competition can also be applied to the idea of the coevolution of species. The usual example of coevolution typically deals with a predator and prey relationship. As the prey get faster and run away from the predator, natural selection will kick in and select an adaptation that is more favorable to the predator. These adaptations could be the predators becoming faster themselves to keep up with the prey, or maybe the traits that would be more favorable would have to do with the predators becoming stealthier so they can better stalk and ambush their prey. Competition with other individuals of that species for the food will drive the rate of this evolution. However, other evolutionary scientists assert that it is actually cooperation between individuals and not always competition that drives evolution. This hypothesis is known as symbiogenesis. Breaking down the word symbiogenesis into parts gives a clue as to the meaning. The prefix sym means to bring together. Bio, of course, means life and genesis is to create or to produce. Therefore, we can conclude that symbiogenesis means to bring individuals together in order to create life. This would rely on the cooperation of individuals instead of competition to drive natural selection and ultimately the rate of evolution. Perhaps the best-known example of symbiogenesis is the similarly named Endosymbiotic Theory popularized by evolutionary scientist Lynn Margulis. This explanation of how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells is the currently accepted theory in science. Instead of competition, various prokaryotic organisms worked together to create a more stable life for all involved. A larger prokaryote engulfed smaller prokaryotes that became what we now know as various important organelles within a eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotes similar to cyanobacteria became the chloroplast in photosynthetic organisms and other prokaryotes would go on to become mitochondria where ATP energy is produced in the eukaryotic cell. This cooperation drove the evolution of eukaryotes through cooperation and not competition. It is most likely a combination of both competition and cooperation that fully drives the rate of evolution through natural selection. While some species, such as humans, can cooperate to make life easier for the entire species so it can thrive and survive, others, such as different types of non-colonial bacteria, go it on their own and only compete with other individuals for survival. Social evolution plays a large part in deciding whether or not cooperation will work for a group which would, in turn, reduce the competition between individuals. However, species will continue to change over time via natural selection no matter if it is through cooperation or competition. Understanding why different individuals within species choose one or the other as their primary way of operating may help deepen the knowledge of evolution and how it occurs over long periods of time.

Symptoms And Treatment Of Fibromyalgia - 1267 Words

Introduction Fibromyalgia is a common musculoskeletal condition with symptoms of widespread muscle and joint pain, and fatigue. Many different medications are available to treat this sometimes-debilitating disease, including narcotics. The harmful effects of narcotics overuse to treat a wide variety of pain disorders are seen increasingly throughout the United States. With providers becoming concerned over using pain medication and causing harm to patients, a further look at alternative treatment methods is necessary. Because symptoms of fibromyalgia include anxiety, depression, and widespread pain, an increase in activity as a part of a comprehensive treatment plan is an option to consider. The following critique and literature†¦show more content†¦1590). A growing body of evidence suggests hypersensitivity of the nervous system and peripheral fibers as a possible cause. Learning efficient ways to help patients desensitize to central pain stimuli may help provide re lief. In the Steiner, Bigatti, and Ang (2015) study, moderate levels of physical activity show improvements physical symptoms and physical function, and decrease the intensity of pain in groups with baseline relative inactivity. It will be important to discuss a physical activity strategy for the patient that stresses the amount of time the patient spends up and moving as compared to sedentary time. As shown in the study, pain reduction is considerably larger than those reductions from psychological and pharmaceutical intervention alone. A focus on clinical depression with pain is discussed in Damush et al. (2008) article which concentrates on an increase of exercise or physical activity, causing a decrease in pain symptoms. The Stepped Care for Affective Disorders and Musculoskeletal Pain (SCAMP) trial tested an intervention of enhanced antidepressant therapy shared with a pain self-management platform versus usual care for primary care patients, with comorbid chronic pain and depression. With the reduction of pain through self-management exercise programs, the importance of physical activity is shown to be beneficial in multiple disease processes. Therefore, in adult, patients withShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of A Fibromyalgia3324 Words   |  14 PagesChapter 14 Approaching Fibromyalgia-Related Depression There are various approaches by which a fibromyalgia (FM) patient can better cope with bouts of depression, self-pity, and anxiety. First and foremost, a patient must consult with a health professional or a mental health specialist for a psychological evaluation. Once diagnosed, there are several methods of treating depression, which include psychotherapy, medication, and self-help techniques. Also known as talk therapy, psychotherapy helps FMRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Fibromyalgia988 Words   |  4 Pagesand Skin Diseases the word â€Å"fibromyalgia† comes from the Latin term for fibrous tissue (fibro) and the Greek terms for muscle (myo) and pain (algia); therefore, the term literally means muscle and connective tissue pain. Fibromyalgia affects an estimated 10 million people in the United States and 3-6% of the world population. This disorder occurs in men, women, and children of all ages and ethnic groups. As in the case of a number of other pain disorders fibromyalgia is most prevalent in women, forRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Fibromyalgia948 Words   |  4 PagesFibromyalgia Introduction Fibromyalgia is belonging to a kind of rheumatism. The features are diffudbility musclar pain with a plenty of non-specific symptom. The typical situation is that some particular body parts of patient have pressing pain feeling. The diagnose process is usually without specific laboratory or pathology check to help. In this condition research report, it will explain several relative symptoms and medical treatment. There will also a treat plan for client in the following paragraphsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Fibromyalgia822 Words   |  4 PagesFibromyalgia Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by pain, fatigue and lack of sleep. What we know today as fibromyalgia was discover in the early 1900s by a man by the last name of Gowers by similar characteristics. He came up with the term â€Å"fibrositis† which was used until 1950. In 1950 a man who went by the name Graham renamed the syndrome â€Å"pain syndrome†. Twenty years later Smythe and Moldofsky named it as what we know it as today, fibromyalgia. Pain is normal for everybody to experienceRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of A Fibromyalgia3522 Words   |  15 PagesAPPROACHING FIBROMYALGIA-RELATED DEPRESSION There are various approaches by which a fibromyalgia (FM) patient can better cope with bouts of depression, self-pity, and anxiety. First and foremost, a patient must consult with a health professional or a mental health specialist for a psychological evaluation. Once diagnosed, there are several methods of treating depression, which include and psychotherapy, medication, and self-help techniques. Through Psychotherapy Also known as â€Å"talk therapy†, psychotherapyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Fibromyalgia2170 Words   |  9 PagesFibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread pain with accompanying symptoms, such as fatigue, morning stiffness, insomnia, cognitive dullness, depression and anxiety 1,2. Not only does FM impair life quality3, but it also increases disability and absence from work4. With the evolving diagnostic criteria of FM5, the prevalence rate is estimated about 2~4% in the general population with female predominance 6,7. Despite genetic, environmental and biochemical factors proposed as the underlyingRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Fibromyalgia And Diet2669 Words   |  11 PagesChapter 11 Fibromyalgia and Diet Change in our ever adapting world has largely impacted the way we eat as well as live our daily lives, this contributes to the increasing rate of chronic diseases affecting all countries. Causing immense burden on the patient and family, chronic diseases are the main cause of deaths worldwide. Improvements in diet as well as the fitness of an individual can contribute in massive proportions to the decrease in such scenarios. Studies have indicated the treatment effectivenessRead MoreWhat Are The Symptoms And Causes Of Fibromyalgia?733 Words   |  3 PagesWhat Are the Symptoms and Causes of Fibromyalgia in Women? By Sumeet Khanna | Submitted On April 18, 2013 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest 1 Expert Author Sumeet Khanna Fibromyalgia is a condition whichRead MoreFibromyalgia And Bipolar Disorder : Extent Of Comorbidity And Therapeutic Implications1109 Words   |  5 PagesFibromyalgia and Bipolar Disorder: extent of comorbidity and therapeutic implications ABSTRACT Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome that affects muscles and soft tissues. Symptoms include chronic muscle pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and painful trigger points and and psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety. In particular, there is strong evidence of comorbidity of FM and Bipolar Disorder (BD). Therefore, adequate psychiatricRead MoreFibromyalgia Research Paper777 Words   |  4 PagesAbnormal Psychology Research paper Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a musculoskeletal illness (which causes chronic pain) and a chronic Fatigue disorder. It can also change sleep patterns and cause the following: digestive disorders, chronic headaches, painful menstrual periods, temperature sensitivity, morning stiffness, numbness or tingling of extremities, and even cognitive memory problems. The name fibromyalgia comes from fibro in Latin meaning tissue, my in Greek meaning

Business Laws Crowd Funding - free sample -MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Laws Crowd Funding. Answer: As provided by Jozefien Daelemans Crowd funding isnt about collecting money. Its about makig something happen with a crowd of people who believe in something. Normal people, not rich people with a lot of power, just people like you and me. I find crowd funding to be one of the most ethical ways to continue doing the work that we do because the idea is that I want my videos to be free and available to everybody, and that's why I use YouTube and online platforms as provided by Anita Sakeesian. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the provisions related to Crowd funding. The paper describes what I crowd funding, talks about successful crowd funding in Australia ad compares the Australian law on crowd funding with international standards. Crowd funding is the utilization of capital collected in small amounts from many individuals in order to support a new business plan. The concept of crowd funding uses simple accessibility to a large number of people through various platforms like social media and other websites for crowd funding to bring together entrepreneurs and investors. The concept has the power to enhance entrepreneurship through the expansion of the pool of the investors who can be utilized to raise funds outside the traditional circle of relative, venture capitalists and owners[1]. Crowd funding provides opportunity to the entrepreneurs to expand and bring into existence their business idea by raising large amount of money from anyone who has money and is willing to invest. Most of the crowds finding projects are based on rewards which investors are entitled to for participating in the project. Another form of crowd funding is which is also popular is the equity based crowd finding project. This project has become popular as startup companies are making money without having to give the control of the project to capital investors by given them equity position in the project[2]. Another form of crowd-funding is the donation based crowd funding project. In this kind of crowd funding ask the investors to donate a small amount where the number of investors are large. In consideration the investors are only entitled to token rewards along with increase in the popularity[3]. This process is a very useful method of raising capital especially for a startup venture. Crowd funding works best for startup businesses which need control over their activities and do not want to lose out on the control their have over the idea. The fund raisers do not have to follow strict process which is required to raise find from the public by the formation of a public company. Through the use of Crowd funding a sole proprietor of a business may also raise fund and does not have to meet the minimum seven directors required for the formation of a public company[4]. There have been several successful crowd funding projects in Australia in the past few years. However thus part of the paper only discusses about two successful crowds funding projects one in the commercial context and other for the purpose of charity and social fund raising. The Flow hive is now a very popular phrase in Australia. The owners of the company have become millionaires from mere bee keepers by using brining in their idea to existence through the help off crowd finding. An Australian beekeeper provided an idea which changed the way in which the extraction of honey was assumed by the people and generated over $16 million of profit. Cedar Anderson along with his father Stuart Anderson discovered the Flow hive which ultimately became the dream of the bee keepers. The million dollar idea of the flow hive is made up of a plastic frame having honeycomb dimensions where the bees work and fill up every cell with fresh honey. Once the cells are full, the honey can be extracted through a liver outside the hive. The honey is extracted directly into a container outside which leaves the bees to make more honey and fill the cells again. The owners of the company did not have any idea that their idea would become so popular. The invention started to come int o existence when they had placed it in a kick starter website for crowd funding for getting the product to fellow beekeepers and consumers. At the beginning of the project the entrepreneurs were looking to merely raise $96952 through the crowd funding project so that they could purchase a new tool to be used in the factory. However the campaign went viral and they had received over $2.7 Million in only a day. After eight weeks the entrepreneurs were able to raise a staggering $16.8 Million. They had received over 24000 orders which had to be supplied over 140 countries[5]. Another successful crowd funding project which has been carried Australia which is known as the CORENA (Citizen Own Renewable Energy Network Australia) the organization is funded totally through the process of crowd funding. It had initiated out of a sense of frustration as there are numerous people who want to make contribution towards the betterment of the climate by reducing carbon emission and promoting renewable energy. Such people did not have the money to fund a project on their own however they want to make a contribution towards climate change. It was realized by the chairman of CORENA that if these people pool up individually they would be able to add up enough money to achieve tangible results. Currently the organization is raising funds for a project known as quick win. The project is in relation to funding installation of solar panels for various nonprofit organizations. Another project which has been initiated by the organization is the Big win project which aims to fun d a project for developing solar-thermal power plants from community funding. Both the projects had been offered by the organization to national as well as international donors and had also established a sub-community which would be able to handle situations outside the state. The organization two years latter has almost received $60000 in relation to the quick win project and $41000 with respect to the big win project. The organization till date has been able to use crowd funding to fund solar installation for Gawler Community House, Tulgeen Disability Services, Camden Community House and Tulgeen Disability Services[6]. This part of the paper compares the Australian approach in relation crowd funding through Corporations Amendment (Crowd-sourced Funding) Act 2017 and few other approaches of international jurisdiction in relation to crowd funding. Following the United States, New Zealand and the United Kingdom Australia has also enacted a legislation in order to set a proper Framework for crowd funding in the country. The new legislation came into effect in Australia in March 2017 and is known as the Corporation Amendment Crowd sourced Funding Act 2017. The new law applies to small proprietary companies to raise public funds from a large number of investors by issuing them with equity shares. Certain barriers which start ups and small businesses face when wanting to raise capital including corporate governance and onerous disclosure requirement under the Corporation Act 2001 have been removed by the new amendment. It is predicted that the new amendment is going to open up innovative and new sources of capital funding with respect to Australian small businesses. A company is enabled by the crowd funding sources to raise funds with respect to a huge number of investors by providing them consideration in form of equity in the company. Small business and start-ups in Australia presently face difficulties of making offers in relation to equity to investors. This was because compliance under the onerous fundraising laws with respect to Chapter 6D of the Corporation Act 2001 along with other reporting obligations which are required for making such types of offer. It is not easy for small businesses to comply with requirements as they are too restrictive and prohibitively expensive for them. This feature leads to finding up with respect to small business in Australian start-up. There is a legislative framework supporting crowd source equity funding which already exists in over 10 countries which include USA, UK and New Zealand. While the Framework in Australia is increasingly restrictive with respect to type of businesses gaining access to crowd so urce equity funding it is anticipated by the Federal government that such rules would be able to reduce competitive disadvantage which is faced by Australian start-ups as compared to the international counterparts in relation to funding. It is also hope by the Federal government that the new legislation would be able to figure Innovation and growth for small businesses in Australia. The crowd funding in UK is governed by the UK Crowd funding association and Financial Conduct Authority. The bill is applicable on companies which are not listed and have an annual turnover along with gross assets of less than 25 million. Such companies must also not be subsidiary of any listed public company. Up to $5 million can be raised through crowd funding within a period of 12 months by an eligible company. New disclosure regimes has been established by the amendment which may be used by the companies to offer shares to the investors. The new requirements are certainly less restrictive and less onerous than the previous requirements related to disclosure under the Corporation Act such as issuing prospectus along with other disclosure documents. There are a few challenges which have been proposed by the bill in relation to crowd funding in Australia. Only proprietary companies having two or more directors can use the provisions of CSF. In addition a proprietor company unlike previously can now have more than 50 shareholders and there is no prescribed limit set on the number of members being a part of such company through the new enactment. The proprietary companies who have CSF shareholders will now have to make annual financial reports along with directors reports in compliance with the accounting standards. The annual financial reports of those proprietary companies who have more than $1 million from CSF would be audited. The new legislation have specific provisions for the protection of investors in relation to crowd funding. The provision prescribe rules that an investor is only allowed to invest up to $10000 in an offer in a period of 12 months with respect to crowd sourced equity funding. Investors also have to abide by the obligation to accept a risk acknowledgement before they make and crowd sourced equity funding application. Cooling off period of 5 days is also applicable with respect to each investment made by an investor. Just like in the case of USA and UK the bill only restrict the amount one person can invest with respect to the crowd source equity funding however it does not put any restriction on the total amount which an investor can make in relation to search funding every year. And there are no small caps start-ups in small businesses would have a very good access to funding. However unlike USA, UK and New Zealand the new Australian region excludes private companies from the advantages of the legislation[8]. The decision of the Parliament to limit the resign only to unlisted public companies has been subjected to high criticism by stating that it is an additional administrative burden and unnecessary restriction on small businesses. In order to address these concerns the bill attempts to provide temporary relief to the newly established public companies which are eligible companies with respect to corporate government requirements and reporting requirements in relation to the Corporation Act 2001. For the purpose of being eligible for such concessions an organization has to complete a crowd sourced equity funding transaction within 12 months of registration all been converted from a proprietary company to a public company. An offer document has to be published by an organization for the purpose of taking advantage of crowd funding source which would comply with all requirements prescribed in the legislation. It would be done that an offer document is effective for instance it has a receipt about misleading statement. Criminal sanctions are also applicable to the companies under the bill offering securities in relation to a defective of a document in case there's a material that was defect with respect to the investors. This feature is also similar to that of UK and us with respect to crowd funding resigns. Thus it can be said that the legislation has similar features as compared to its international counter parts. The contrary features have been added to suit the business situation of Australia. It can therefore be conceded that in spite of its criticism the legislation and the new legal regime in relation to crowd funding in Australia is going to be successful. There have been various projects which have been successfully carried on in Australia. However the concept would be more beneficial if the law would be able to prevent any fraud in relation to crowd funding. Success yourself with people who believe in your dream- Wade Dokken. Bibliography Crosling G M, Murphy H M, How to Study Business Law 4th Edition, Butterworths, 2009. Fitzpatrick J, Symes C, Veljanovski A, Parker D. (2017) Business and Corporations Law, 3nd Ed., Lexis Nexis Butterworths. Chapter Graw, Parker, Whitford, Sangkuhl and Do, Understanding Business Law 7th ed LexisNexis Butterworths, 2015. Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M. Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition, 2015. Latimer, P, Australian Business Law CC, 2016 Edition. Lipton P, Herzberg A and Welsh, M, Understanding Company Law, 18th edition 2016 Thomson Reuters. Pentony, Graw, Lennard Parker, Understanding Business Law 3rd ed Butterworths, 2009. Seddon, N; Bigwood, R; Ellinghaus, M, Cheshire Fifoot Law of Contract, 2012 10th Australian EditionLexisNexis. Stephen Graw, 2011, An Introduction to the Law of Contract, 7th Ed., Thomson Reuters. Sweeney, OReilly Coleman, 2013, Law in Commerce, 5th Ed., LexisNexis. Vermeesch, R B, Lindgren, K E, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 11th Edition, 2005. Vermeesch,R B, Lindgren, K E, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 12th Edition, 2011. [1] Fitzpatrick J, Symes C, Veljanovski A, Parker D. (2017) Business and Corporations Law, (3nd Ed., Lexis Nexis Butterworths. Chapter) [2] Bennett, Lucy, Bertha Chin, and Bethan Jones. "Crowdfunding: A new media society special issue." (2015): 141-148. [3] Ralcheva, Aleksandrina, and Peter Roosenboom. "On the road to success in equity crowdfunding." (2016). [4] Moritz, A., Block, J. H. (2014). Crowdfunding: A literature review and research directions. [5] 'The Flow On Effect': Flow Hive Founders Talk About Their Success (2017) ABC News https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-12/australian-story-flow-hive-family.../7828436. [6] Citizens Own Renewable Energy Network Australia Inc (CORENA) Media Releases | CORENA Fund (2017) Corenafund.org.au https://corenafund.org.au/media/. [7] Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) [8] Moritz, Alexandra, and Joern H. Block. "Crowdfunding: A literature review and research directions." Crowdfunding in Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2016. 25-53.